Reference of 16009-13-5, Chemistry is the science of change. But why do chemical reactions take place? Why do chemicals react with each other? The answer is in thermodynamics and kinetics.In a document type is Article, and a compound is mentioned, 16009-13-5, Hemin, introducing its new discovery.
Free heme regulates placenta growth factor through NRF2-antioxidant response signaling
Free heme activates erythroblasts to express and secrete Placenta Growth Factor (PlGF), an angiogenic peptide of the VEGF family. High circulating levels of PlGF have been associated in experimental animals and in patients with sickle cell disease with echocardiographic markers of pulmonary hypertension, a life-limiting complication associated with more intense hemolysis. We now show that the mechanism of heme regulation of PlGF requires the contribution of the key antioxidant response regulator NRF2. Mimicking the effect of heme, the NRF2 agonist sulforaphane stimulates the PlGF transcript level nearly 30-fold in cultured human erythroblastoid cells. Heme and sulforaphane also induce transcripts for NRF2 itself, its partners MAFF and MAFG, and its competitor BACH1. Furthermore, heme induction of the PlGF transcript is significantly diminished by the NRF2 inhibitor brusatol and by siRNA knockdown of the NRF2 and/or MAFG transcription factors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments show that heme induces NRF2 to bind directly to the PlGF promoter region. In complementary in vivo experiments, mice injected with heme show a significant increase in their plasma PlGF protein as early as 3 h after treatment. Our results reveal an important mechanism of PlGF regulation, adding to the growing literature that supports the pivotal importance of the NRF2 axis in the pathobiology of sickle cell disease.
Free heme regulates placenta growth factor through NRF2-antioxidant response signaling
Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law.Reference of 16009-13-5. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 16009-13-5
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Iron Catalysis in Organic Synthesis | Chemical Reviews,
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