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Graphene Quantum Dots Electrochemistry and Development of Ultrasensitive Enzymatic Glucose Sensor
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) – zero-dimensional materials – are sheets of a few nanometers in lateral dimension and exhibit quantum confinement and edge site effects where sp2-bonded carbon nanocore surrounded with edged plane functional moieties is promising as advanced electroactive sensing platforms. In this work, GQDs are synthesized by solvothermal and hydrothermal techniques, with optimal size of 5 nm. Their potential in fundamental (direct electron transfer) and applied (enzymatic glucose biosensor) electrochemistry are demonstrated. Glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized on glassy carbon (GC) electrodes modified with GQDs are investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and amperometry. Well-defined quasi-reversible redox peaks observed under various electrochemical parameters helped to determine diffusion coefficient (D) and first-order electron transfer rate (kET). The cyclic voltammetry curves showed homogeneous ion transport for GQD with D ranging between 8.45 ¡Á 10-9 m2 s-1 and 3 ¡Á 10-8 m2 s-1 following GO < rGO < GQD < GQD (with FcMeOH as redox probe) < GOx/rGO < GOx/GO < HRP/GQDs < GOx/GQDs. The developed GOx-GQDs biosensor responds efficiently and linearly to the presence of glucose over concentrations ranging 10 muM and 3 mM with limit of detection 1.35 muM and sensitivity 0.00769 muA muM-1¡¤cm-2 as compared with rGO (0.025 muA muM-1 cm-2, 4.16 muM) and GO (0.064 muA muM-1 cm-2, 4.82 muM) nanosheets. The high performance and stability of GQDs is attributed to sufficiently large surface-to-volume ratio, excellent biocompatibility, abundant hydrophilic edge site density, and partially hydrophobic planar sites that favors GOx adsorption on the electrode surface and versatile architectures to ensure rapid charge transfer and electron/ion conduction (<10 ms). We also carried out similar studies with other enzymatic protein biomolecules on electrode surfaces prepared from GQD precursors for electrochemical comparison, thus opening up potential sensing applications in medicine as well as bio-nanotechnology. Graphene Quantum Dots Electrochemistry and Development of Ultrasensitive Enzymatic Glucose Sensor We¡¯ll also look at important developments in the pharmaceutical industry because understanding organic chemistry is important in understanding health, medicine, the role of 1273-86-5, and how the biochemistry of the body works.Related Products of 1273-86-5
Reference£º
Iron Catalysis in Organic Synthesis | Chemical Reviews,
Iron Catalysis in Organic Synthesis: A Critical Assessment of What It Takes To Make This Base Metal a Multitasking Champion