The prevalence of solvent effects in heterogeneous catalysis in condensed media has motivated developing theoretical assessments of solvent structures and their interactions with reaction intermediates and transition states. Product Details of 16009-13-5, you can also check out more blogs about16009-13-5
In heterogeneous catalysis, catalysts provide a surface to which reactants bind in a process of adsorption. In homogeneous catalysis, catalysts are in the same phase as the reactants. Product Details of 16009-13-5. Catalysts allow a reaction to proceed via a pathway that has a lower activation energy than the uncatalyzed reaction. Introducing a new discovery about 16009-13-5, Name is Hemin
Neuroblastoma (NB) is an embryonic malignancy affecting the physiological development of adrenal medulla and paravertebral sympathetic ganglia in early infancy. Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) (i.e., carfilzomib (CFZ)) may represent a possible pharmacological treatment for solid tumors including NB. In the present study, we tested the effect of a novel non-competitive inhibitor of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), LS1/71, as a possible adjuvant therapy for the efficacy of CFZ in neuroblastoma cells. Our results showed that CFZ increased both HO-1 gene expression (about 18-fold) and HO activity (about 8-fold), following activation of the ER stress pathway. The involvement of HO-1 in CFZ-mediated cytotoxicity was further confirmed by the protective effect of pharmacological induction of HO-1, significantly attenuating cytotoxicity. In addition, HO-1 selective inhibition by a specific siRNA increased the cytotoxic effect following CFZ treatment in NB whereas SnMP, a competitive pharmacological inhibitor of HO, showed no changes in cytotoxicity. Our data suggest that treatment with CFZ produces ER stress in NB without activation of CHOP-mediated apoptosis, whereas co-treatment with CFZ and LS1/71 led to apoptosis activation and CHOP expression induction. In conclusion, our study showed that treatment with the non-competitive inhibitor of HO-1, LS1 / 71, increased cytotoxicity mediated by CFZ, triggering apoptosis following ER stress activation. These results suggest that PIs may represent a possible pharmacological treatment for solid tumors and that HO-1 inhibition may represent a possible strategy to overcome chemoresistance and increase the efficacy of chemotherapic regimens.
The prevalence of solvent effects in heterogeneous catalysis in condensed media has motivated developing theoretical assessments of solvent structures and their interactions with reaction intermediates and transition states. Product Details of 16009-13-5, you can also check out more blogs about16009-13-5
Reference:
Iron Catalysis in Organic Synthesis | Chemical Reviews,
Iron Catalysis in Organic Synthesis: A Critical Assessment of What It Takes To Make This Base Metal a Multitasking Champion