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The ideal driving force for dye regeneration is an important parameter for the design of efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. Here, nanosecond laser transient absorption spectroscopy was used to measure the rates of regeneration of six organic carbazole-based dyes by nine ferrocene derivatives whose redox potentials vary by 0.85 V, resulting in 54 different driving-force conditions. It was found that the reaction follows the behavior expected for the Marcus normal region for driving forces below 29 kJ mol-1 (delta = 0.30 V). Driving forces of 29-101 kJ mol-1 (delta = 0.30-1.05 V) resulted in similar reaction rates, indicating that dye regeneration is diffusion controlled. Quantitative dye regeneration (theoretical regeneration yield 99.9%) can be achieved with a driving force of 20-25 kJ mol-1 (delta ? 0.20-0.25 V).
The prevalence of solvent effects in heterogeneous catalysis in condensed media has motivated developing theoretical assessments of solvent structures and their interactions with reaction intermediates and transition states. Related Products of 1293-65-8, You can get involved in discussing the latest developments in this exciting area about 1293-65-8
Reference：
Iron Catalysis in Organic Synthesis | Chemical Reviews,
Iron Catalysis in Organic Synthesis: A Critical Assessment of What It Takes To Make This Base Metal a Multitasking Champion