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The functional dependence of the rate constants for self-exchange, kex, for a series of metallocene redox couples to solvent-induced variations in the nuclear frequency factor, nun, engendered by alterations in the longitudinal solvent relaxation time, tauL, are utilized to deduce values of the electronic matrix coupling element, H12, for electron exchange.The analysis exploits the sensitivity of the kex-tauL-1 dependence to the degree of reaction adiabaticity and hence H12 for a given electron-exchange reaction.Six metallocene couples are examined:Cp2Co+/0, Cp2Fe+/0 (Cp = cyclopentadienyl), the decamethyl derivatives Cp’2Co+/0 and Cp’2Fe+/0 scrutinized previously, with additional solvent-dependent kex values for (carboxymethyl)cobaltocenium-(carboxymethyl)cobaltocene and (hydroxymethyl)ferrocenium-(hydroxymethyl)ferrocene .Kinetic data are examined in 15 solvents, including 11 “Debye” solvents for which it is anticipated that nun <*> tauL-1.Corrections to kex for the solvent-dependent variations in the barrier height were obtained by corresponding measurements of the optical electron-transfer energies for the related binuclear complex biferrocenylacetylene, yielding “barrier-corrected” rate constants, k’ex.The k’ex-tauL-1 dependencies, as well as the kex values in a given solvent, are markedly dependent on the redox couple.The log k’ex-log tauL-1 plots for the most facile couple, Cp’2Co+/0, exhibit slopes approaching unity for smaller tauL-1 values.The less facile couples yield smaller slopes, diminishing in the same sequence that k’ex decreases in a given solvent: Cp’2Co+/0 >Cpe2Co+/0 > Cp2Co+/0 >/= Cp’2Fe+/0 > Cp2Fe+/0 >/= HMFc+/0.These findings are consistent with H12 decreasing in the same order.Comparison of such rate-solvent friction dependencies with corresponding plots calculated using a combined solvent friction-electron tunneling model yields the following approximate values of the matrix coupling element for reactant “closest approach”, H012 (kcal mol-1): Cp’2Co+/0, 1.0; Cpe2Co+/0, 0.5-1.0; Cp2Co+/0, 0.5; Cp’2Fe+/0, 0.2; Cp2Fe+/0, 0.1; HMFc+/0, 0.075.Reasonable concordance is seen with recent theoretical estimates of H012 for Cp2Co+/0 and Cp2Fe+/0.The relationship between H012 and metallocene electronic structure is briefly discussed.The analysis also enables effective solvent relaxation times for adiabatic barrier crossing in non-Debye media, including primary alcohols, to be extracted.
The result showed that such a combination of chemo- and biocatalysis improved the catalytic yield more than two times compared with that of sole metal catalysis. We will look forword to the important role of 1273-86-5, and how the biochemistry of the body works.Recommanded Product: Ferrocenemethanol
Reference:
Iron Catalysis in Organic Synthesis | Chemical Reviews,
Iron Catalysis in Organic Synthesis: A Critical Assessment of What It Takes To Make This Base Metal a Multitasking Champion