Application of 16009-13-5, Academic researchers, R&D teams, teachers, students, policy makers and the media all rely on us to share knowledge that is reliable, accurate and cutting-edge. In a document type is Article, and a compound is mentioned, 16009-13-5, name is Hemin, introducing its new discovery.
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is an important regulator of vascular and cardiac function. Peroxynitrite (ONOO?) inactivates eNOS, but questions remain regarding the mechanisms of this process. It has been reported that inactivation is due to oxidation of the eNOS zinc-thiolate cluster, rather than the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4); however, this remains highly controversial. Therefore, we investigated the mechanisms of ONOO?-induced eNOS dysfunction and their dose dependence. Exposure of human eNOS to ONOO? resulted in a dose-dependent loss of activity with a marked destabilization of the eNOS dimer. HPLC analysis indicated that both free and eNOS-bound BH4 were oxidized during exposure to ONOO?; however, full oxidation of protein-bound biopterin required higher ONOO? levels. Additionally, ONOO? triggered changes in the UV/visible spectrum and heme content of the enzyme. Preincubation of eNOS with BH4 decreased dimer destabilization and heme alteration. Addition of BH4 to the ONOO?-destabilized eNOS dimer only partially rescued enzyme function. In contrast to ONOO? treatment, incubation with the zinc chelator TPEN with removal of enzyme-bound zinc did not change the eNOS activity or stability of the SDS-resistant eNOS dimer, demonstrating that the dimer stabilization induced by BH4 does not require zinc occupancy of the zinc-thiolate cluster. While ONOO? treatment was observed to induce loss of Zn binding, this cannot account for the loss of enzyme activity. Therefore, ONOO?-induced eNOS inactivation is primarily due to oxidation of BH4 and irreversible destruction of the heme/heme center.
The result showed that such a combination of chemo- and biocatalysis improved the catalytic yield more than two times compared with that of sole metal catalysis. We will look forword to the important role of 16009-13-5, and how the biochemistry of the body works.Application of 16009-13-5
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Iron Catalysis in Organic Synthesis | Chemical Reviews,
Iron Catalysis in Organic Synthesis: A Critical Assessment of What It Takes To Make This Base Metal a Multitasking Champion