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PROCESS FOR PREPARING (R OR S)-2-ALKYL-3-HETEROCYCLYL-1-PROPANOLS

Compounds of the formula (I) in which R’1, R’2,R’3 and Het are each defined as specified in the description are obtainable in high yields by a stereoselective addition of R’3-substituted propionic esters onto R’1- and R’2-substituted unsaturated, bicyclic heterocyclylaldehydes of the formula R-CHO to give corresponding 3-(R)-3-hydroxy-2-R’3-propionic esters. Conversion of the OH group to a leaving group, a subsequent regioselective elimination to give 3-(R)-2-R’3-propenoic esters, followed by: 1) hydrolysis to the corresponding 3-(R)-2-R’3-propenoic acids, their enantioselective hydrogenation to corresponding chiral 3-(R)-2-R’3-propenoic acids and their reduction, or 2) hydrolysis to the corresponding 3-(R)-2-R’3-propenoic acids, their reduction to corresponding 3-(R)-2-R’3-allylalcohols and their enantioselective hydrogenation, or 3) reduction to corresponding 3-(R)-2-R’3-allylalcohols and their enantioselective hydrogenation, where R is formula (II) and the enantioselective hydrogenations are performed with metal complexes which have, as ligands, ferrocene-1,1′-diphosphines which have, in the 1-position, a ferrocene-substituted secondary phosphine group and, in the1′-position, a secondary phosphine group.

PROCESS FOR PREPARING (R OR S)-2-ALKYL-3-HETEROCYCLYL-1-PROPANOLS

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Comparing the asymmetric dppf-type ligands with their semi-homologous counterparts

Two series of asymmetric ferrocene diphosphines, namely the dppf-type ligands R2PfcPPh2 (protected as BH3 adducts; fc = ferrocene-1,1?-diyl) and their semi-homologous counterparts R2PfcCH2PPh2 (both in free and BH3-protected form), with diverse PR2 groups (R = cyclohexyl, isopropyl and tert-butyl), were prepared and further converted into the respective phosphine selenides, R2P(Se)fcP(Se)Ph2 and R2P(Se)fcCH2P(Se)Ph2, which were in turn used to evaluate the electronic properties of these diphosphines through 1JSeP coupling constants. When reacted with [PdCl2(MeCN)2] or [PdCl2(cod)] (cod = cycloocta-1,5-diene), the dppf-type ligands exclusively afforded the chelate complexes [PdCl2(R2PfcPPh2-kappa2P,P?)], whereas the more flexible, homologous ligands produced mixtures mainly containing the similar chelate complexes [PdCl2(R2PfcCH2PPh2-kappa2P,P?)] and the P,P?-bridged dimers [PdCl2(mu(P,P?)-R2PfcCH2PPh2)]2.

Comparing the asymmetric dppf-type ligands with their semi-homologous counterparts

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Biferrocene-M(mnt)2 charge-transfer complexes (M = Ni, Co; mnt = maleonitriledithiolate). Structure, valence states, and magnetic properties

Charge-transfer salts of branched-alkyl biferrocenes, (1?,1?- R2-1,1?-biferrocene)[Ni(mnt)2] (1a, R = isopropyl; 2a, R = dineopentyl) and (1?,1?-R2-1,1?- biferrocene)2[Co(mnt)2]2 (1b, R = isopropyl; 2b, R = dineopentyl), were prepared. Their valence states were investigated using X-ray crystallography and Moessbauer spectroscopy. Complexes 1a and 1b show segregated-stack crystal structures that contain columns of acceptors, whereas structures of 2a and 2b, which contain bulky donors, are rather discrete. All of the complexes contain mixed-valent biferrocenium monocations. A two-step valence transition was found in complex 1a. The crystal contains two crystallographically independent cations: one undergoes valence localization below room temperature; the other undergoes valence localization below ca. 130 K. The former transition is derived from asymmetry of the crystal environment around the cation, whereas the latter one is caused by symmetry lowering coupled with a spin-Peierls transition (Tc = 133.2 K) associated with the dimerization of the acceptors. This compound was found to exhibit a dielectric response based on valence tautomerization. Other complexes (1b, 2a, and 2b) show a valence-trapped state. In all complexes, charge localization was found to occur through local electrostatic interactions between the donor’s cationic moiety and the acceptor’s electronegative moieties.

Biferrocene-M(mnt)2 charge-transfer complexes (M = Ni, Co; mnt = maleonitriledithiolate). Structure, valence states, and magnetic properties

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Kinetic Resolution of Planar-Chiral Ferrocenylphosphine Derivatives by Molybdenum-Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring-Closing Metathesis and Their Application in Asymmetric Catalysis

Highly enantioselective kinetic resolution of racemic planar-chiral metallocenylphosphine sulfides was realized by the molybdenum-catalyzed asymmetric ring-closing metathesis reaction with the krel values of up to 147. The enantiomerically enriched 1,4-but-2-enylene-bridged ferrocenylphosphine sulfides thus obtained could be purified to enantiomerically pure forms by simple recrystallization from hot methanol, and subsequent reduction of the phosphine sulfides provided the corresponding planar-chiral phosphines with retention of the enantiomeric homogeneity. This is a rare example of preparing planar-chiral ferrocenylphosphines by catalytic asymmetric reactions. The single-enantiomer planar-chiral ferrocenylphosphines were applied as chiral ligands in the rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric 1,4-addition reaction (the Hayashi-Miyaura conjugate addition reaction) of phenylboronic acid to 2-cyclohexenone to show excellent enantioselectivity and high yields. The NMR studies clarified that the butenylene-bridged ferrocenylphosphine coordinated to a rhodium(I) cation in a monodentate fashion and an interaction of the bridging olefin moiety to the rhodium atom was not detected.

Kinetic Resolution of Planar-Chiral Ferrocenylphosphine Derivatives by Molybdenum-Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring-Closing Metathesis and Their Application in Asymmetric Catalysis

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[2]Ferrocenophanes with Nitrogen in Bridging Positions

Three [2]ferrocenophanes ([2]FCPs) bridged by nitrogen and silicon (7SiMe2) and nitrogen and tin (7SnMe2, 7SntBu2) were synthesized by salt metathesis between a dilithioferrocene derivative, prepared in situ from 1-bromo-1?-(trimethylsilylamino)ferrocene (6), and Me2SiCl2, Me2SnCl2, and tBu2SnCl2, respectively. A multistep synthesis of precursor 6 is described. Only 7SiMe2 and 7SntBu2 could be prepared as analytically pure compounds. The molecular structures of all three [2]FCPs were determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Expectedly, the tilting of the Cp ligands in the silicon species 7SiMe2 is larger [alpha = 15.73(13)] than in the tin compounds 7SnMe2 [alpha = 9.36(17) and 9.45(18)] and 7SntBu2 [alpha = 10.13(11)]. Ring-opening polymerizations of 7SiMe2 and 7SntBu2 were attempted using the common methods of thermal, transition-metal-catalyzed, anionic, and photocontrolled ring-opening polymerization, but none of the experiments gave polymeric materials. (Figure Presented).

[2]Ferrocenophanes with Nitrogen in Bridging Positions

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1,1?-Di(arylamino)ferrocenes. A new family of privileged [N,N] ligands with tunable steric control for applications in homogeneous organometallic catalysis and coordination chemistry

Fe[(C5H4)NHPh]2 (2a) was prepared from 1,1?-dibromoferrocene and N-phenylacetamide by an Ullmann reaction and subsequent basic solvolysis of the coupling product Fe[(C5H 4)N(COMe)Ph]2 (1a). This solvolysis failed in the case of the bulkier Fe[(C5H4)N(COMe)(2,6-Me2C 6H3)]2 (1b). Fe[(C5H 4)N(2,6-Me2C6H3)]2 (2b) and Fe[(C5H4)N(2,4,6-iPr3C6H 2)]2 (2c) were obtained by Hartwig-Buchwald type cross-coupling of 1,1?-diaminoferrocene with the respective aryl bromide.

1,1?-Di(arylamino)ferrocenes. A new family of privileged [N,N] ligands with tunable steric control for applications in homogeneous organometallic catalysis and coordination chemistry

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Synthesis and characterization of 1?-(diphenylphosphino)-1-isocyanoferrocene, an organometallic ligand combining two different soft donor moieties, and its Group 11 metal complexes

The development of a practical synthesis of 1?-(diphenylphosphino)-1-aminoferrocene (2) and its P-borane adduct (2B) allowed the facile preparation of 1?-(diphenylphosphino)-1-isocyanoferrocene (1). This compound combining two specific soft-donor moieties was studied as a ligand for univalent Group 11 metal ions. The reactions of 1 with AgCl at 1:1 and 2:1 molar ratios only led to the coordination polymer [Ag2(mu-Cl)2(mu(P,C)-1)]n (6), while those with Ag[SbF6] provided the dimer [Ag2(Me2CO-kappaO)2(mu(P,C)-1)2][SbF6]2 and the quadruply-bridged disilver complex [Ag2(mu(P,C)-1)4][SbF6]2 (8), respectively. Addition of 1 to [AuCl(tht)] (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) afforded the mono- and the digold complex, [AuCl(1-kappaP)] (9) and [(mu(P,C)-1)(AuCl)2] (10), depending on the reaction stoichiometry. Finally, the reaction of 1 with [Au(tht)2][SbF6] or halogenide removal from 9 with AgNTf2 led to cationic dimers [Au2(mu(P,C)-1)2]X2 (11, X = SbF6 (a) or NTf2 (b)). Catalytic tests in the Au-mediated isomerization of (Z)-3-methylpent-2-en-4-yn-1-ol to 2,3-dimethylfuran revealed that 11a and 11b are substantially less catalytically active than their analogues containing 1?-(diphenylphosphino)-1-cyanoferrocene as the ligand, most likely due to a stronger coordination of the isonitrile moiety, which prevents dissociation of the dimeric complexes into catalytically active monomeric species.

Synthesis and characterization of 1?-(diphenylphosphino)-1-isocyanoferrocene, an organometallic ligand combining two different soft donor moieties, and its Group 11 metal complexes

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Preparation, coordination and catalytic use of planar-chiral monocarboxylated dppf analogues

A novel polar dppf derivative possessing only planar chirality, 1?,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)-ferrocene-1-carboxylic acid (Hdpc), has been synthesised in racemic form and resolved into enantiomers via esters with d-glucose diacetonide ((Rp)- and (Sp)-3). (R p)-Hdpc was further converted to a series of N-substituted amides that were studied as ligands for Pd-catalysed enantioselective allylic alkylation of racemic (E)-1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-yl acetate or ethyl carbonate with malonate esters, showing high activity and good enantioselectivity (er up to 10: 90). The catalytic results were correlated with the structural data (X-ray diffraction and solution NMR) for (eta3-allyl)palladium(ii) complex (Rp)-[Pd(eta3-1,3-Ph2C 3H3){Fe(eta5-C5H 3-1-(C(O)NHCH2Ph)-2-(PPh2-kappaP)) (eta5-C5H4PPh2-kappaP)}]ClO 4 (16) as a model of the plausible reaction intermediate. A further study into the coordination properties of Hdpc led to isolation of chelate complex [PdCl2(Hdpc-kappa2P,P?)] (12). The crystal structures of rac-Hdpc, methyl ester of (Rp)-Hdpc, glycoside (R p)-3, and 12¡¤Me2CO suggested a close structural relationship between dppf and Hdpc. The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 2009.

Preparation, coordination and catalytic use of planar-chiral monocarboxylated dppf analogues

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Ferrocene-Linkage-Facilitated Charge Separation in Conjugated Microporous Polymers

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have full access to the organic synthesis toolbox and feature-rich functionality, structural diversity, and high surface area. We incorporated ferrocene (Fc) into the backbones of CMPs and systematically engineered their optical energy gaps. Compared with the CMPs without Fc units yet adopting a similar molecular orbital level, Fc-based CMPs can sufficiently generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under visible light. The resultant ROS are able to effectively decompose the absorbed pollutants, including organic dyes and chemical warfare agents. Specifically, Fc-based CMPs significantly outperform commercial TiO2 (P25) in the degradation of methylene blue and are capable of converting 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (a mustard gas simulant) into a completely nontoxic product.

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PROCESS FOR PREPARING (R OR S)-5-{1-AZIDO-3-[6-METHOXY-5-(3-METHOXY-PROPOXY)-PYRIDIN-3-YLMETHYL]-4-METHYL-PENTYL}-3-ALKYL-DIHYDRO-FURAN-2-ONE

Compounds of the formula (E), in which R’3 is isopropyl and R’4 is C1-C8-alkyl, and in which the carbon atom to which the R’3 radical is bonded has either (R) or (S) configuration, preference being given to (R) configuration, are obtainable in high yields A) by a stereoselective addition of isopropyl-substitutedpropionic esters to 6- methoxy-5-(3-methoxypropoxy)pyridine-3-carbaldehyde to give corresponding 2- {hydroxy-[6-methoxy-5-(3-methoxypropoxy)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-3-methylbutanoic esters, subsequent conversion of the OH group to a leaving group, and a subsequent regioselective elimination to give 2-[1-[6-methoxy-5-(3-methoxypropoxy)pyridin-3-yl]- meth-(E)-ylidene]-3-methylbutanoic esters, followed by 1) hydrolysis to give the corresponding 2-[1-[6-methoxy-5-(3-methoxypropoxy)- pyridin-3-yl]meth-(E)-ylidene]-3-methylbutanoic acid, the enantioselective hydrogenation thereof to the corresponding chiral 2-[6-methoxy-5-(3-methoxy- propoxy)pyridin-3-ylmethyl]-3-methylbutanoic acid and the reduction thereof,or 2) hydrolysis to the corresponding 2-[1-[6-methoxy-5-(3-methoxypropoxy)pyridin-3- yl]meth-(E)-ylidene]-3-methylbutanoic acid, the reduction thereof to the corresponding 2-[1-[6-methoxy-5-(3-methoxypropoxy)pyridin-3-yl]meth-(E)-ylidene]-3- methylbutan-1-ol and the enantioselective hydrogenation thereof, or 3) reduction to the corresponding 2-[1-[6-methoxy-5-(3-methoxypropoxy)pyridin-3-yl]- meth-(E)-ylidene]-3-methylbutan-1-ol and the enantioselective hydrogenation thereof, or B) by a Sonogashira coupling of 5-bromo-2-methoxy-3-(3-methoxypropoxy)pyridine, SP-P2216_ATE -80- 5-iodo-2-methoxy-3-(3-methoxypropoxy)pyridine or of trifluoromethanesulphonic acid 6-methoxy-5-(3-methoxypropoxy)pyridin-3-yl ester with 2-propyn-1-ol to give 3-[6- methoxy-5-(3-methoxypropoxy)pyridin-3-yl]prop-2-yn-1-ol, followed by addition of an R’ 3-Grignard compound to give 2-[1-[6-methoxy-5-(3-methoxypropoxy)pyridin-3-yl]- meth-(E)-ylidene]-3-methylbutan-1-ol and the enantioselective hydrogenation thereof; substitution of the chiral 2-[6-methoxy-5-(3-methoxy-propoxy)-pyridin-3-ylmethyl]-3- methyl-butan-1-ol resulting from pathways A) or B)to give 5-(2-halomethyl-3-methyl- butyl)-2-methoxy-3-(3-methoxy-propoxy)-pyridine, coupling thereof with a (E)-(R)-5- halo-2-alkyl-pent-4-enoic acid amide, followed by halogenation,hydroxylation lactonizatization and azidation.

PROCESS FOR PREPARING (R OR S)-5-{1-AZIDO-3-[6-METHOXY-5-(3-METHOXY-PROPOXY)-PYRIDIN-3-YLMETHYL]-4-METHYL-PENTYL}-3-ALKYL-DIHYDRO-FURAN-2-ONE

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